Make editors slightly moist

Hacking

Happiness comes out of contentment, and contentment always comes out of service.
--Harbhajan Singh Yogi

There is no easy walk to freedom anywhere, and many of us will have to pass through the valley of the shadow of death again and again before we reach the mountaintop of our desires.
--Nelson Mandela

A small part of humanity has ruthlessly exploited nature. But the entire humanity is bearing the cost of it, especially the inhabitants of the Global South. The selfishness of a few will lead the world into darkness, not just for themselves but for the entire world.
--Narendra Modi

There are no happy endings in history, only crisis points that pass.
--Isaac Asimov

From me to you

My download area is accessible via HTTPS and HTTP at ftp.sdaoden.eu. It provides -latest symbolic links, for example s-web42-latest.tar.gz.asc.

 git(1) repositories are hosted via HTTPS and HTTP, they can be cloned via https://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/PROJECT.git, and be browsed at git.sdaoden.eu/browse after authentication: if the browser does not show user and password, "cancel" the request: this should load a page that reveals them.

Most projects are mirrored for free under my account at  sdaoden@ SourceForge.net, at  sdaoden@ Github.com, and some are also available under the nice and clean interface of  repo.or.czthank you!

sdaoden.eu uses the  GNU Mailman mailing-list manager, so users can manage their settings either via web browser by going to lists.sdaoden.eu, or by sending a mail with only the content help to LISTNAME-request@lists.sdaoden.eu. A receive-only very low-volume announcement list covering all my projects is S-announce at lists dot sdaoden dot eu.

I maintain a port collection for  Crux-Linux with a few additional little things.

This server mirrors  The Unix Heritage Society! It currently offers only HTTP browsing for the Unix Archive, though.

S - n a i l (later S - m a i l x) — v14.9.25 (“Lubimy Gorod”), 2024-06-27
Announcement  <>  .tar.xz / .tar.xz.asc  <>  .tar.gz / .tar.gz.asc  <> Manual
ML s-mailx@ with archive (also at  The Mail Archive, and via gmane.mail.s-mailx.general),
IRC #mailx at ircs://irc.libera.chat:6697, logged at  https://libera.irclog.whitequark.org/mailx
thank you all!
Repository browse (clone: https://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-nail.git), branches [master,stable/{stable,latest},release/{stable,latest},(timeline),(unix-mail),(bsd-Mail),(next)]
Commit logs of [master,stable/*,release/*] are posted to s-mailx-commit@
Repository mirror:  repo.or.cz/s-mailx.git    Coverity Scan Build Status (project 444!)

S-nail (later S-mailx) provides a simple and friendly environment for sending and receiving mail. It is intended to provide the functionality of the POSIX  mailx(1) ( Wikipedia) command, [Image: S-mailx heraldic animal] is MIME capable, and optionally offers extensions for line editing, S/MIME, SMTP and POP3, among others. Users are given tools for email appraisal and management, as well as increasingly powerful, reliable scripting capabilities.

Packages or recipes exist, sometimes as a core package, and sometimes under names like nail, mail, or mailx, for  Alpine Linux,  archlinux,  Crux,  Debian (going for Ubuntu, Devuan, and more),  Fedora (going for EPEL, CentOS),  FreeBSD,  Gentoo, macOS via  Homebrew,  KaOS, macOS via  MacPorts,  mageia,  NetBSD,  OpenBSD (cheesy maintainer),  OpenEmbedded,  openmamba,  OSUKISS,  PLD Linux,  Slackware,  The Void (Linux) distribution, as well as  Windriver Linux. Then there was Gavin, the man from the green island  AUR (s-nail-git). I am happy and prowd that it is included in the  The “Fossies” Software Archive that sails so close to the wind! The full list and the actualities of the packages can be queried via  Repology.org (s-nail).

There are no prerequisites but a normal Unix environment (make(1), an ISO C89 C compiler etc.) and it is also possible to work directly with a repository checkout. The repository layout has been extended after release v14.8.10, and is documented in the projects README file. Users which are only interested in stable changes, but which do not want to wait for releases to gain, e.g., bugfix commits, should probably track only the [stable/stable] branch. Users which also accept backward incompatible changes can track [master], it will eventually be used to create new major or minor releases. To clone the entire repository and locally select what you want, do

	$ git clone https://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-nail.git
	$ cd s-nail
	$ git checkout master
	$ make CONFIG=MAXIMAL tangerine

It is possible to save a quite a bit of disk space. With a newer  git(1) you can say

	$ git clone --single-branch -b stable/stable \
		https://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-nail.git

But even otherwise you can be selective:

	$ mkdir s-nail.git
	$ cd s-nail.git
	$ git init
	$ git remote add origin -t stable/stable -t 'release/*' -t timeline \
		https://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-nail.git
	$ git fetch -v
m d o c m x — v2 2015-05-12; v2.3 2022-11-23
Code is part of S-roff  <> Manual for macro package and preprocessor
( groff(1) all-in-one patch 2015 (rejected)  https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?45034)
 groff(1) grotty OSC-8 patch (idea accepted, implementation by other means)  https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?60666
 groff(1) mdocmx-only patch 2022  https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?63042
 less(1)  OSC-8 pull request (accepted)

mdocmx(7) extends the mdoc(7) UNIX manual page markup language with (interactive) references, allowing it to create anchors and table of contents (and potentially an index). For this it defines a single new multiplexer command: .Mx. Installations without mdocmx(7) support continue to work normally, the request is skipped, the documents will render as usual.

How does it work?

Non-multipass troff(1) implementations are not capable to generate forward references to anchors not yet defined, therefore the preprocessor mdocmx(1), implemented in portable sh(1) and awk(1), is necessary. A nice property of mdocmx(7) is that it “recognizes” its state, therefore preprocessed manuals can also be distributed, as they are normal mdoc(7) documents, making an installed preprocessor superfluous.

For output devices like HTML or PDF mdocmx(7) will use the corresponding and well-known support troff(1) macro packages to generate anchor and reference information. For terminal (typewriter-like) devices  groff(1) 1.23 and later comes with the new OSC 8 escape sequence production command \X'tty: link' for grotty(1). OSC 8 is understood by more and more terminals and console programs, like  less(1) (version 566+).  less(1) version 650 and above even interprets OSC 8 with full interactivity for internal and external references, almost like a web browser.

How does it look and feel?

Until  groff(1) regulary ships the macros generating documents requires some effort. On the authors system it is as easy as man mdocmx, or

	mdoc() {
		mdocmx[.sh] "${1}" |
		MDOCMX_FLAGS=${MDOCMX_FLAGS-64} groff -Tutf8 -mdoc |
		LESS= less --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS
	}

	# # When i want a table of contents, i instead do
	# MDOCMX_FLAGS=64 man an-installed-manual

Yet some readily prepared manuals can be presented. For the -Tutf8 ones less(1) must be version 650 or above. For the -Thtml ones it must be said that grohtml(1) is of really bad quality, unfortunately. But the gropdf(1) driver generates nice PDF output!

So here are the preprocessed and converted manuals for the terminal, to be viewed in the patched (or a normal, then non-interactive) less(1); macro package, preprocessor, and a big one of my mailer above. For PDF we have macro package, preprocessor, and the big one of my mailer. For HTML simply read the according manuals linked on this page.

S - S y m O b j — v0.8.2, 2016-10-24
.tar.gz.asc / .tar.gz (via  CPAN)  <> Manual
Repository browse (clone: https://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-symobj.git), branch [master]

Throw an eye on my Symbol table and Object  perl(1) module, it offers a somewhat easy symbol table and object creation/management. It is also available in the  Comprehensive Perl Archive Network.

I am using  perl(1) since 1997 in many projects and for a lot of purposes. In all that time i have not found a single bug! Hoooray and thanks,  perl(1) porters!

S - T o o l b o x
S-cdda — v0.8.5, 2021-01-28 — .tar.gz.asc / .tar.gz  <> Manual
S-cdda-to-db — v0.8.0, 2021-06-18 — .tar.gz.asc / .tar.gz  <> Manual
S-dkim-sign — v0.6.2, 2024-05-30 — .tar.gz.asc / .tar.gz  <> Manual    Coverity Scan Build Status
pam_xdg — v0.8.4, 2024-05-29 — .tar.gz.asc / .tar.gz  <> Manual
S-port-knock — v0.8.1, 2024-07-19 — .tar.gz.asc / .tar.gz  <> Manual
S-postgray — v0.8.3, 2024-06-23 — .tar.gz.asc / .tar.gz  <> Manual    Coverity Scan Build Status
Repository browse (clone: https://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-toolbox.git), branch [master]

S-cdda and S-cdda-to-db are packaged on ( Crux and)  OpenBSD, pam_xdg on ( Crux and)  FreeBSD, S-postgray is available on  Alpine Linux, ( Crux) and  OpenBSD; it is also included in  The “Fossies” Software Archive. S-dkim-sign exists on  Alpine Linux (and  Crux). Thank you!

The README as of 2024-10-08:

A repo of some small tools
==========================

pam_xdg.c (plus support) v0.8.4 (2024-05-29):
  XDG Base Directories support via PAM: creation of $XDG_RUNTIME_DIRs,
  injection of environment variables into sessions. libpam and OpenPAM.
  [.]
  [- port to OpenPAM (BSD). (Jan Beich)]
  [- Allow non-XDG-standard paths via make options. (Jan Beich)]
  [- With "notroot", unsetenv(3) all XDG variables for root.  v0.8.3.]
  - Fix: pam_get_item() may return NULL (Andre Albsmeier).  [v0.8.4]

s-cdda.c (plus support) v0.8.5 (2021-01-28):
  Access digital audio CDs (TOC, MCN, ISRC, CD-TEXT, audio tracks).
  Developed in 2020 on then current operating-systems and hardware.
  Not tested with CD-Extra etc (only proofed logically).  Linux and *BSD.

s-cdda-to-db.pl (plus support) v0.8.0 (2021-06-18):
  Queries content and data of audio CDs through s-cdda(1), collects
  informations (artist, album, song titles, etc.) of desired tracks,
  if possible correlates data with a web query against MusicBrainz,
  then places encoded tracks as well as a human readable and easily
  parseable database in a per-CD directory under a directory tree.
  The audio encoders (and sox(1) without --no-volume-normalize) need
  to be installed separately.
  (P.S.: the user will be asked to edit collected informations, and
  will be given a hand for the rather sophisticated, classical music
  aware database layout while doing so.)
  (P.P.S.: nice foundation for link farms.)
  [.]
  - use POSIX::setlocale() instead of relying on PERL5OPT=-C.
    The latter roots in old habits originating in perl(1) evolution
    problems Y2K2-3 (5.8.0 and 5.8.1).

s-dkim-sign.c (plus support) v0.6.2 (2024-05-30):
  postfix(1)-only RFC 6376/8463 DKIM sign-only milter.
  [.]
  - FIX --client IP with CIDR mask (false code takeover from s-postgray,
    Coverity.com CID 1586924; unfortunately s-dkim-sign was stuck in
    some Coverity.com queue since end of April).
  - Fix compilation with LibRESSL and OpenSSL < 3.0.0.
  - The built-in set of headers includes some extensions more (including
    ones that "normally" not occur in "main headers").
  - Stuff:
    o Make it compile with C++
    o Generalize management of "obsoletion", and "need separate digest"
    o Coverity.com defect density 0.00:
      https://scan.coverity.com/projects/s-dkim-sign

s-postgray.c (plus support) v0.8.3 (2024-06-23):
  postfix(1) graylisting policy daemon. See its README + manual for more.
  [* Many, many thanks to Jens Schleusener, and his cron job!]
  [.]
  - FIX: configuration reload stripped wrong flag mask.
  - FIX: two timeout calculations could overflow 16-bit and cause faulty
    gray DB entry timeouts thus.
  - Because i liked having those, add new --gc-linger behaviour which
    never outdates elder entries except due to --limit excess.
  - Gray DB maintenance, when faced with the necessity to remove entries
    to keep within --limit's, more less dumb (and maybe more secure).
  - No longer auto-adjusts --limit when repeatedly in out-of-memory
    situations, only logs.
  - fix a race condition in !--untamed mode on FreeBSD and Linux.
  - Stuff:
    o Make it compile with C++
    o Ported to Solaris (OpenIndiana)
    o Coverity.com defect density 0.00:
      https://scan.coverity.com/projects/s--postgray

Not for the masses:
-------------------

oauth-helper.py:
  Handles OAuth 2.0 credentials.  Supports Google, Microsoft, Yandex.
  [.]
  2024-06-01: handle INT from keyboard specifically.

s-port-knock.README (etc) v0.8.1 (2024-07-19):
  A simple port knock via SSH signatures.
  It requires modern OpenSSH (ssh-keygen(1)), openssl(1) and sh(1).
  [.]
  - Review iteration that FIXes a false #ifdef, an uninit strerror(),
    and in the script broken passing/usage of $PORT_KNOCK_SHELL.
    We also skip select(2) path entirely if a_DISTINCT_SOCKS is unset.
    (It was borked.)
  - Change packet format (no separating newline).
  - Add simplemost manual.

Misc:
-----

btrfs-snapshot.sh:
  Simple script to deal with BTRFS snapshots.
  [.]
  - (tar)ball support is gone; new syntax fixed.

find-command.sh:
  Find an executable command within a POSIX shell.
  which(1) is not standardized, and command(1) -v may return non-executable,
  so here is how it is possible to really find a usable executable file.
  Thanks to Robert Elz (kre).

git-topic-creator.pl:
  To ease maintaining of topic branches i use a linear history, so
  that i can use ``$ git rebase -i`` for fixups and squashes, without
  having to worry about recreation of topic branches.  Instead i tag
  commit messages, and use this script to create the topics once i am
  finished.  Read the --help output for more, and make use of verbosity
  when you use it first.

gmane-fetch.pl:
  Download NNTP articles from Gmane.org and Gwene.org, incrementally, and
  store them in (append them to) a local MBOX.
  Read and adjust the script header for documentation and configuration.

quote-rndtrip.sh:
  Round trip quote strings in POSIX (and elder) shell(s).
  Thanks to Robert Elz (kre).
  [- ensure outer driver(s) do not leak variabes. (Steven Penny)]

In the fog:
-----------

arena-manager:
  Offers some automatized operations on revision control repositories,
  like updating, (fast-forward) merging, garbage-collecting.

backup.sh:
  My private backup script. Simple (uses tar(1)), but does some stuff
  which i need for my work flow (backups data which is in local repo
  clones but not yet pushed to their "real" counterparts).  Needs perl(1).
  [- FIX faulty xarg/tar -c invocations. (Ralph Corderoy)]
  XXX No longer used: i switched to (subsets of) filesystem snapshots.

cdoc-freebsd.S:
  FreeBSD 5.3 x86 prog to open/close /dev/cdrom tray.  May work on
  newer ones, but have not tried it in a while.  It had 416 object
  file bytes when everything was placed in ``.text`` (no .EH frames
  back then).

entropy-saver.c:
  Linux: for my use cases i find it annoying that "entropy_avail" is not
  incremented when i restore the saved random seed that machines have
  collected so hard.  This little program touches this count also.
  (Thanks Bernd Petrovitsch for pointing out EAGAIN and EBUSY.)
  [.]
  2022-02-23: work when /proc/sys/kernel/random/entropy_avail is not de-
              cremented when reading /dev/random.
  2022-04-20: Jason Donenfeld wrote something more generic that made it
              into busybox etc, and is therefore preferable:
              https://git.zx2c4.com/seedrng/plain/seedrng.c
              P.S.: most preferable would be "echo seed > /dev/random"

fan-adaptive.sh:
  "Adaptive", more generic, and much more easily adaptable successor of
  fancontrol.sh.  For now with simulator and MacBook Air model support.
  See the script header for more.

gen-uushar-wrapper:
  Creates a shell archive similar to uushar as below, except that the
  archive (1) consists only of executable file members, and (2) will
  be itself executable.  Run the generated shell archive script to invoke
  any of its programs.  Upon first invocation the wrapper creates a
  hidden directory in $TMPDIR to unpack its members.
  Without arguments it shows its contents and the creation date.
  Simply execute it, it guides through the archive creation process.

real-periodic.sh:
  A real periodic for NetBSD, FreeBSD, DragonFly BSD and OpenBSD that
  ensures that the daily/weekly/monthly maintenance stuff is executed,
  even if your laptop is running only one hour a day.  Invoke this once
  per hour in the roots crontab and disable the usual periodic stuff of
  your system instead.  Note it does not deal with timezone and DST
  (daylight saving time) switches, but instead only checks the day of
  the year that is reported by date(1). E.g., on my FreeBSD 10.0 box::

    # do daily/weekly/monthly maintenance
    15  * * * * root /usr/bin/nice -n 15 /usr/libexec/real-periodic.sh
    #1  3 * * * root periodic daily
    #15 4 * * 6 root periodic weekly
    #30 5 1 * * root periodic monthly
  ...

uushar (manual in uushar.1):
  Writes a sh(1) shell script to standard output that recreates the file
  hierarchy specified by the command line operands. Directories will be
  recreated and must be specified before the files they contain.
  Compared to the well-known shar(1) program, uushar(1) adds optional
  compression and an uuencode(1)/uudecode(1) binary safe layer::

    $ uushar [-(Z|z|J|j)] file ...

  It is easy to insert trojan horses into uushar files.  It is thus
  strongly recommended that all shell archive files be examined before
  running them through sh(1).  Archives produced using this
  implementation of uushar may be easily examined with the command::

    $ grep '^[^X#]' shar.file

zte.sh:
  Control a ZTE modem (MF79 and many others according to web search)
  from the command line.  Needs curl(1) and OpenSSL(1).

# s-ts-mode
S - W e b 4 2 — v0.9.3, 2020-05-16
.tar.gz.asc / .tar.gz  <> Manual
Repository browse (clone: https://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-web42.git), branch [master]

One more option to manage your website. A camel approach to website building.  vim(1) and it actually generated what you are looking at.

S - r o f f — working on it
Repository browse (clone: https://git.sdaoden.eu/scm/s-roff.git), branches release/{stable,latest},(next)]
Repository mirror:  repo.or.cz/s-roff.git

S-roff is a text processor that formats text. It accepts lines of text interspersed with lines of format control information and formats the text into a printable, paginated document having a user-designed style. S-roff offers unusual freedom in document styling: arbitrary style headers and footers; arbitrary style footnotes; multiple automatic sequence numbering for paragraphs, sections, etc; multiple column output; dynamic font and point-size control; arbitrary horizontal and vertical local motions at any point; and a family of automatic overstriking, bracket construction, and line-drawing functions.

S-roff is a fork of  groff(1), stripped-down to not include any  X.org related facility, the output devices grolj4 and grolbp as well as most contributed packages. The fork happened on the last commit that is still GPL2 licensed (1.19.2-574-gecbf4f1), but almost all changes up to and including v1.22.3 are included, as well as further bug reports.

The plan is to make it UTF-8 clean all through the toolchain, to make it more user friendly, e.g., by adding automatic detection of required preprocessors. Nonetheless keeping backward compatibility and accessibility of individual subcomponents, like nroff, troff and all the preprocessors. [Image: S-roff logo -- magnolia night] I would like to see the manual all in manual pages (mdoc). I really would like to have builtin support for TTF/OTF fonts. All of this is mid– to long–term.

First i will completely rework the build system and adapt [Image: It still takes a while] this codebase to not need any autotool, but only the shell and make, just the same easy way as is used for S-nail, then perform a lot of rather invisible but desired code overhauling, like implementing consistent argument parsing etc. I hope this step is taken on Joe Ossanna's 50th day of death 2027-11-28.

From you to me

I love C,  perl(1) and dig plain old sh(1) and awk(1) more and more. I would love C++ (again) if it would be a plain C with classes; maybe not even automatic ctors and dtors. (If i really would go for learning a new language i think i would most likely have a go with  Nim or  Julia. I will however have to and look forward to dig into  Lua.) I have discovered  mksh(1) and used it on all my real-work boxes for almost a decade, but in 2021 i switched back to  bash everywhere after finding myself in a buggy dead end situation. Whereas  Dropbear SSH is used for outlined SSH cases, almost all of SSH is driven by the omnipresent  OpenSSH. I make heavy use of  WireGuard virtual private networks. Since about year 2000 i am a fan (though not a sophisticated user) of  vim(1), it gave up in an endless loop twice. I am thankful for being able to use  git(1) for version control today, after a lot of distress with other VCSs.

When on X(1) i was used to run the fantastic  ahwm(1) window manager from about 2002/3 to November 2018, may Alex Hioreanu himself refer to it as historical or not; then switched to  cwm(1) for about six years, and then switched to  dwm(1) in October 2024 (in preparation for a free a bit fair Linux phone, and the same UI, everywhere). Because i mostly stay within the  tmux(1) terminal multiplexer, to which i have switched (back) after about six years of using  screen(1), i am satisfied with the minimalistic  st(1) terminal —  rxvt-unicode and its server mode served me very well before that.  lynx(1) for browsing if text based browsing is possible, thus decreasingly often, which i dislike, and  Firefox (pre-compiled) otherwise. Mail messages are being passed through  bogofilter for Bayesian filtering, i have written and use a  LMDB backend for and with it. I ended up using solely  groff(1) for document preparation, viewing PDFs with  mupdf(1); i do use  Ghostscript.com from the same source.

It would also not work without enscript, less, curl, openssl, all the compression tools, the filesystems and their tools, iw, iwd, busybox, and all the other network tools, multimedia tools like ffmpeg, vorbis-tools, ogg123, sox, faad2, faac, of course xorg, GNU make, BSD make, and all the free compilers out there, gcc, clang, pcc and tinyc, and tools surrounding object files like objdump and readelf. In the past, nasm.

I am very thankful for being able to use virtual machines via  QEMU: it is so handy to have a bunch of operating systems at hand for immediate testing, just as necessary! I have used  FreeBSD for about ten years exclusively. It,  Alpine Linux and the beloved  Crux- Linux with its nice SysV init are my development boxes, the latter drives my Laptop(s). I am also using  archlinux,  NetBSD,  OpenBSD and  The Void (Linux) distribution, and there are VMs with other systems, like  DragonFly. I am in favour of BSD, it is a complete, self-contained environment, with good and up-to-date documentation. Just like  Crux- Linux.

While looking around for  Unicode aware software i have been pointed to the  Plan9 from Bell Labs operating system, which has been unknown to me before (except for dim memory on a very short notice in a German computer magazine featuring Glenda), and its  9atom and  9front extenders, which unfortunately have all died in the meantime, except for the latter; sometimes i wish i would have known Plan9 15 years earlier, and that it would have been licensed under BSD copyright back then, who knows how that relationship would have ended.

This server

The server sdaoden.eu is driven by the  Alpine Linux operating system (after a month of a quick-and-dirty (via inetd) setup  FreeBSD system) with  tc(8) (iproute2) traffic shaping in combination with an  iptables(8) firewall.  Dnsmasq caches DNS queries.  Postfix manages SMTP and provides mailing lists via  GNU Mailman. Web pages are served by the  lighttpd web server and  cgit makes the  git(1) repositories accessible via HTTPS/HTTP for browsing purposes. Most services of sdaoden.eu are secured with a free certificate obtained from  Let's Encrypt, which is managed by cron job via  dehydrated. Inside a  WireGuard VPN  OpenSSH handles SSH, and  BusyBox offers some services, like rdate; it also offers a lot of other things. The server is a VM hosted by  Portunity with the use of green energy.

Copyright (c) 1997 - 2024, Steffen Nurpmeso <steffen@sdaoden.eu>
@(#)code.html-w42 1.410 2024-10-07T23:33:23+0000